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Where we are Energy Systems Integration (ESI) is the process of coordinating the operation and planning of energy systems across energy vectors and/or other infrastructures and/or geographical scales to deliver reliable, cost-effective energy services with minimal impact on the environment. There is nothing dramatically new in ESI compared to how the energy system has evolved…

Imagine a future where all physical power system requirements needed for reliability are met through efficient market mechanisms. Procurement and compensation for the full set of system services would be signaled through a wide range of discretized, multi-timescale market products. Both demand- and supply-side resources could equitably and transparently participate. Real-time pricing, with fully responsive…

China sets aggressive goals to develop high penetration of renewable energy but also suffers from the large scale of curtailment due to the lack of power system flexibility. The electric power, gas, and heat systems work on different but complementary time and space scales. Multiple energy systems (MES) increase the efficiency and flexibility of both…

Renewable resources that are variable will continue being deployed on the bulk power system and in wholesale markets. Between existing financial incentives (aka subsidies), enormous technological advances, cost reductions, state mandates, and consumer demand for lower or zero emitting resources, variable resources in the form of wind and solar are here to stay and will…

ERCOT runs its Security-Constrained Economic Dispatch (SCED) every five minutes and sends resulting targeted output levels for the next five-minute dispatch interval to each generator. This set of output levels results in the most economic generation being used to serve the expected generation requirement, taking into account the operating characteristics of the generation units, the…