General Electric – 1.5 MW Series

GE’s 1.5 MW series is represented by three-blade, upwind, horizontal axis wind turbines with a rated capacity of 1.5-megawatts. Three different models represent the 1.5 MW series – 1.5se, 1.5sle, and 1.5xle.

The rotor on a GE 1.5 MW turbine is designed to operate in an upwind configuration at 10 to 20 revolutions per minute (rpm). Rotor speed is regulated by a combination of blade pitch angle adjustment and generator/converter torque control. The 1.5 MW series provides the option of a selectable power factor between 0.95 (overexcited) and 0.90 (underexcited) and also a VAR boost, which will override watts production to deliver more VARs during emergency under-voltage conditions.

General Electric – 1.5 MW Series

Power Regulation	Active blade pitch control
Operating Data
Rated Power	1500 KW [1]
Cut-in wind speed	3.5 to 4 m/s (8 to 9 mph)
Cut-out wind speed	20 to 25 m/s (45 to 55 mph)
Cut-back-int wind speed	17 to 22 m/s (38 to 49 mph)
Wind Class	IEC TC III+; IEC TC IIA; IEC TC IIB; IEC TC Ib
Rotor
Rotor diameter	70.5 m (231 ft) for the 1.5se, 77 m (253 ft) for the 1.5 sle, and 83 m (271 ft) for the 1.5xle model.
Operational interval	10.1 – 22.2 rpm
Towers
Type	Tubular steel tower
Hub heights	65 m (212 ft) to 80 m (262 ft)
Generator
Type	Doubly fed asynchronous generator
Nominal output	1,500 kW
Operational data	690 V (50 Hz/60 Hz)
Gearbox
Type	Three-step planetary/helical gear system with a ratio of gear 1:72 (60 HZ)

Vendor Specific Model Characterization

Model Performance: Case 1 – Fault Event

In this case a remote fault is applied to bus 12 for a duration of 6 cycles (0.1 sec).

GE-1.5 MW – Case 1 and SCR=5

GE-1.5 MW – Case 1 and SCR=10

For both SCR settings the reactive power output of the WTG is at or near its maximum during the fault in an effort to regulate voltage. After the fault is removed and the rated voltage level is restored, the reactive power returns to its steady state condition.

Model Performance: Case 2 – Under-Frequency Event

In this case a under frequency event is created by tripping the 100 MVA generation unit at bus 20.

GE-1.5 MW – Case 2 and SCR=5

GE-1.5 MW – Case 2 and SCR=10

Model Performance: Case 3 – Over-Frequency Event

In this case a under frequency event is created by tripping the 100 MVA load at bus 11

GE-1.5 MW – Case 3 and SCR=5

GE-1.5 MW – Case 3 and SCR=10

Generic Model Parameterization – PSLF Environment

The parameter values shown in the table resulted from a compromise between the simulated cases (i.e. SCR 5 and SCR 10) and network conditions (i.e. fault, under- and over frequency)

PSLF parameter values wt3g wt3t wt3e wt3p Lpp 0.8 Vw 1.0 Varflg 1 Kpp 150.0 Lvplsw 1.0 Ht 4.94 Varflg 1 Kip 25.0 Rrpwr 10.0 D 0.00 Tsp 60.0 Kpc 3.0 Brkpt 0.9 Kaero 0.007 Kptrq 3.00 Kic 30.0 Zerox 0.5 Theta2 21.98 Kitrq 0.6 Pimax 27.0 Lvpll 1.11 Htfrac 1.00 Tpc 0.05 Pimin 0 Volim 1.20 Freq1 0.00 Pmax 1.12 Pirat 10.0 Lvpntl 0.80 Dshaft 0.00 Pmin 0.04 Tpi 0.3 Lvpnt0 0.4 Pwrat 0.45 Pset 1.0 lolim -1.30 Ipmax 1.12 Khv 0.70 Wpmin 0.69 Wp20 0.78 Wp40 0.98 Wp60 1.12 Pwp100 0.74 Wp100 1.2 Kqi 0.10 Kqv 40.0 Qmax 0.436 Qmin (-0.436) Vmax 1.1 Vmin 0.90 Xiqmax 1.45 Xiqmin 0.5 Tp 0.05 Xc 0.00 Tr 0.02 Fn 1.00 Kiv 5.00 Kpv 18.0 Tv 0.05 Tc 0.15

There are four generic wind turbine models in PSLF for a type 3 wind turbine (WT3). These models are wt3g, wt3t, wt3e and wt3p. The wt3g model includes the generator and converters dynamics. The wt3t model includes the wind aerodynamic model and the single or double mass shaft compliance model. The wt3p includes the pitch controller model. Finally, the wt3e model contains the real and reactive control models. The values for the parameters resulted from a compromise between the two cases (SCR 5 and SCR 10). The set of parameters had to be tuned to satisfactory match the results of dynamic simulation for the VSM and the generic WT3 model for both SCR cases.

Parameterization: Case 1 – Fault Event

Parameterization of WT3 vs GE-1.5 MW – Case 1 and SCR=5

Parameterization of WT3 vs GE-1.5 MW – Case 1 and SCR=10

Parameterization: Case 2 – Under-Frequency Event

Parameterization of WT3 vs GE-1.5 MW – Case 2 and SCR=5

Parameterization of WT3 vs GE-1.5 MW – Case 2 and SCR=10

Parameterization: Case 3 – Over-Frequency Event

Parameterization of WT3 vs GE-1.5 MW – Case 3 and SCR=5

Parameterization of WT3 vs GE-1.5 MW – Case 3 and SCR=10

Generic Model Parameterization – PSSE Environment

The parameter values shown in the table resulted from a compromise between the simulated cases (i.e. SCR 5 and SCR 10) and network conditions (i.e. fault, under- and over frequency).

PSSE parameter values WT3G2 WT3T1 WT3E1 WT3P1 Tiqcmd 0.2 Vw 1.25 Tfv 0.15 Tp 0.3 Tipcmd 0 H 4.94 Kpv 18 Kpp 150 Kpll 0 DAMP 0 Kiv 5 Kip 25 Kipll 0 Kaero 0.01 Xc 0 Kpc 3 PLLMX 0.1 Theta2 21.98 Tfp 0.05 Kic 30 Prated 1.5 Htfrac 0 Kpp 3 Tetamin -4 VLVPL1 0.5 Freq1 1.81 Kip 0.6 Tetamax 27 VLVPL2 0.9 DSHAFT 1.5 PMX 1.12 RTetaMax 10 GLVPL 1.11 PMN 0.04 PMX 1 VHVRCR 1.2 QMX 0.436 CURHVRCR 2 QMN (-0.436) Rip_LVPL 10 IPmax 1.22 T_LVPL 0.02 Trv 0.02 RPMX 0.45 RPMN (-0.45) T_Power 60 Kqi 0.1 VMINCL 0.9 VMAXCL 1.1 Kqv 40.0 XIQmin 0.5 XIQmax 1.45 Tv 0.05 Tp 0.05 Fn 1 WPMIN 0.3 Wp20 1.2 Wp40 1.2 Wp60 1.2 Pwp 0.74 Wp100 1.2

There are four generic wind turbine models in PSSE for a type 3 wind turbine (WT3). These models are WT3G1, WT3T1, WT3E1 and WT3P1. The WT3G1 model includes the generator and converters dynamics. The WT3T1 model includes the wind aerodynamic model and the single or double mass shaft compliance model. The WT3P1 includes the pitch controller model. Finally, the WT3E1 model contains the real and reactive control models. The values for the parameters resulted from a compromise between the two cases (SCR 5 and SCR 10). The set of parameters had to be tuned to satisfactory match the results of dynamic simulation for the VSM and the generic WT3 model for both SCR cases.

Parameterization: Case 1 – Fault Event

Parameterization of WT3 vs GE-1.5 MW – Case 1 and SCR=5

Parameterization of WT3 vs GE-1.5 MW – Case 1 and SCR=10

Parameterization: Case 2 – Under-Frequency Event

Parameterization of WT3 vs GE-1.5 MW – Case 2 and SCR=5

Parameterization of WT3 vs GE-1.5 MW – Case 2 and SCR=10

Parameterization: Case 3 – Over-Frequency Event

Parameterization of WT3 vs GE-1.5 MW – Case 3 and SCR=5

Parameterization of WT3 vs GE-1.5 MW – Case 3 and SCR=10

Results Validation

In all figures, the response of the generic model matches the response of the VSM in the frequency range of interest. Thus, both the PSLF and the PSSE models are an appropriate representation of the GE 1.5 MW WTG’s behavior for fundamental frequency analysis.

Vendor Specific Model Validation

The dynamic performance of the voltage and reactive power at the POI of a WPP for a capacitor switching event is documented in this short section. Field test measurements are compared against the VSM PSLF GE 1.5 WTG model and a parameterized Generic Type III WTG model. The figures show a close match between the simulated variables and their corresponding measurements and validate the feasibility of using a generic model for the system and event studied.

References